论现代政治杂文对古代杂文的继承与创新

中文摘要

　　

　　中国近代政论文是在吸收古代论说文的基础上产生出来的新文体，其对古代论说文既有继承又有创新。在结构上继承了绪论、本论、结论三段论的写法，在篇幅上既继承了短小精悍的特点，又出现了长篇巨制和大型成组的政论文；在语言上，既继承了准确、概括、生动的特点，又迈出了从文言文向白话文转变的第一步；在词汇上，出现了大量的新名词，双音节词逐渐增多。正因为近代政论文在语言和词汇上对古代论说文的创新，所以最终出现了梁启超的“新文体”.中国近代政论文是在时代原因，知识分子的文化使命以及报刊的出现与传播方式的改变这三个重要因素的推动下产生和发展起来的。近代西学东渐特殊的输入途径和特殊的输入方式，使得日本的文体对中国的文体产生了非常明显的影响。表现在近代政论文上便是梁启超的“新文体”受到日本政论文学家的影响，他们文中的思辩色彩和重视逻辑推理对梁启超都有一定的影响，“新文体”“条理明晰”的特点显然与此有关。近代知识分子对参与政治具有极大的热情，所以他们会创作政论文来表达自己的政治见解。他们的身份在近代发生转变，使得他们的政论文也发生了变化，从传统士大夫的政论文转变成为近代新型知识分子的政论文。近代知识分子是独立的政治力量，具有强烈的社会责任和批判精神，敢于直陈时弊。为了适应文章的内容，政论文的形式必须有所改变，于是便产生了富于鼓动性，便于时用的“新文体”.因为报刊有传播速度快、平民化、通俗化、都市化等特点，而且近代大部分的政论文都是发表在报刊上的，因此近代政论文为了适应报刊的这些特点，便产生了梁启超的“新文体”.梁启超的“新文体”语言明白晓畅，通俗易懂，而且还杂用俚语、俗语、外国语法和新名词，为政论文文体的变革做出了巨大的贡献。中国近代政论文是在龚自珍、王韬、梁启超等人的创作和实践中不断发展和演变的，到了梁启超手里变成了与古代论说文不一样的“新文体”.龚自珍善于调动多种表现手法，运用生动、形象的语言，句式变化多端，语汇丰富多彩，又喜欢用排比、博喻等修辞手法，使得他的政论文具有汪洋恣肆、跌宕多姿、俶诡雄辩的美学风格。龚自珍政论文的出现，对桐城古文是一个很大的冲击，也为近代政论文的革新和发展开辟了一条新路。作为中国近代第一个在报纸上发表政论文的作家，王韬创造了“报章体”,创造并使用了大量新名词来表达新事物、新观念，语言出现了通俗化、自由化的倾向，形成了独特的政论文体。这一文体的出现对近代政论文的变革产生了积极的影响，为其后梁启超“新文体”的最终形成做了前期准备工作。梁启超继承了龚自珍、王韬等的新体散文，同时又吸收了古文、骈文和八股文等旧体文言文可以用来表现新事物新思想的表现手法与文体格调，熔铸而自成新体，形成了别具一格、便于时用的“新文体”.梁启超的“新文体”影响了“五四”以后政论文的发展，又推动了我国书面语言由文言文向白话文的转变。

　　

　　关键词：近代中国，政论文，发展脉络，影响

　　

　　Abstract

　　

　　Modern Chinese essays is a new style created based on absorbing the ancient essays onancient, the essay has both inheritance and innovation. In the structure, the theory inherits theintroduction, conclusion of writing, in the space not only inherits the dapper characteristics, andthe emergence of a long piece and a large group of essays; in the language, not only inherits thecharacteristics of accurate, generalization, vivid, and the first step from the traditional literarylanguage to change vernacular; in the vocabulary, the emergence of a new term large, doublesyllable words and four syllable words gradually increased. Because of the political essays in thelanguage and vocabulary for the innovation of ancient argumentation, so eventually theemergence of a 'new style' of Liang Qichao. Modern Chinese political essays are in the age ofreason, the birth and development of intellectual culture and promote the appearance ofnewspaper and the change of the circulation way of these three important factors. Modernwestern special input method and input method, making the Japanese style had a significantimpact on Chinese style. In the modern political essay is Liang Qichao's 'new style' by theJapanese government paper, influence, the speculative color and emphasis on logical reasoninghas a certain impact on Liang Qichao, 'new style' clear characteristics obviously the relevant.

　　

　　Modern intellectuals with great enthusiasm to participate in politics, so they will be writingpolitical essays to express their political views. Their identity in the modern transformation, sothat their political paper has also changed, the transition from traditional literati political paperbecame the new intellectuals political paper. Modern intellectuals is an independent politicalforce, has a strong sense of social responsibility and critical spirit, the courage to impose socialevils. In order to adapt to the content, the form of government must be changed, so theyproduced a motivational, 'new style' easy to use. Because newspapers has spread fast,popularization, popularization, urbanization and other characteristics, and most modern politicalessays are published in the press, so the modern political party in order to adapt thesecharacteristics of newspapers, the 'new style' of Liang Qichao. Liang Qichao's 'new style'

　　

　　language to understand, easy to understand, but also use slang, proverb, foreign grammar andnew terms, and made great contributions to the politics paper literary style change. ModernChinese essays and development in the creation and practice of Gong Zizheng, Wang Tao, LiangQichao et al., to Liang Qichao hand into and ancient on the 'new style' is not the same as thelunshuowen. Gong Zizheng is good at mobilizing the various techniques of expression, use vivid,be the most changeful language, syntax, vocabulary rich and colorful, and like to use parallelism,rhetorical devices such as metaphor, makes his political paper has freely, and various, begin theeloquent aesthetic style. Gong Zizheng's political essays, prose of Tongcheng is a very bigimpact, but also opens up a new way of reform and development for modern political essays. AsChina's first modern political essays published in the newspaper writer, Wang Tao created the'newspaper', to create and use a lot of new words to express new things, new ideas, languagetends to be popularized, liberalization, forming a unique political comment style. This styleappears to have a positive influence on modern political paper change, do the preparatory workfor the eventual formation of the 'new style' of Liang Qichao. Liang Qichao inherited the newprose, Gong Zizheng Wang Tao, Jingshi group, technique of expression and style at the sametime and absorb the prose, prose and stereotyped writing and old style of classical Chinese canbe used for new things and new ideas, since the new casting body, formed a 'new style' have astyle of one's own, easy to use. Liang Qichao 'new style' of the 'five four' after the developmentof politics, and promote the transformation of the written language in our country by the classicalChinese writings in the vernacular.

　　

　　Key words: Modern China Political essays Development processThe Influence

 

 

　　目 录

　　

　　中文摘要

　　

　　Abstract

　　

　　绪 论

　　

　　一、选题的背景与意义

　　

　　二、研究现状

　　

　　三、研究方法与研究思路

　　

　　第一章 近代政论文的历史渊源与新质的出现

　　

　　第一节 近代政论文书写的历史文化资源

　　

　　第二节 近代政论文的发展脉络

　　

　　第三节 近代政论文的新质

　　

　　第二章 近代政论文产生新变的文化语境

　　

　　第一节 时代原因

　　

　　第二节 知识分子的文化使命

　　

　　第三节 报刊的出现与传播方式的转变

　　

　　第三章 风云际会中弄潮者的言声

　　

　　第一节 龚自珍“特立独出”的政论

　　

　　第二节 王韬的维新时论

　　

　　第三节 梁启超“笔锋常带感情”的“新文体”

　　

　　余论：近代政论文的影响

　　

　　参 考 文 献